Chronos and Kairos: how we measure our days and our lives
Some relatives of mine were moving house. It was taking longer than expected because they had a lot of work with strict deadlines. They were trying to fix dates for completing the move and were suffering because they couldn’t meet them. It occurred to me to explain the difference between Chronos and Kairos made by the ancient Greeks, two different ways of measuring and living time, as described by the American writer Enuma Okoro.
What is Chronos?
Chronos refers to ‘how we measure days and life quantitatively’; but this form of measurement began only in Greece from the 3rd century BC onwards. Prior to that, ‘communities noted the passage of time independently, based on their geographic location and factors such as political regimes, agricultural rhythms, religious rituals, events and wars’. For example, in today's USA, the year of 2020 could have been marked as ‘’The final year of the Trump administration‘’ or ‘’The time of George Floyd's death‘’.
Chronos time will eat us alive if we do not constantly keep track of it and try to control it
With Chronos everything is organised more efficiently, but we can become slaves to the time we think we control. This concept, which answers the question of what Chronos is, leads us to adopt phrases such as ‘Don't waste time’, ‘Time waits for no one’, ‘Time is money’. ‘We are afraid of losing it, running out of it or being consumed or devastated by time’. Time becomes ‘restrictive, demanding and exhausting’. ‘Chronos’ is connected to the Greek god Kronos who was so afraid of being replaced by his children, that he ate them alive. Krono. Kronos time will also eat us alive if we submit to it.
Meaning of Kairos
What is Kairos? Kairos is the qualitative time of life. The Greeks considered it the most appropriate for something new. "The concept has its origins in the practice of Greek archery, representing the moment when the archer finds the perfect opening to shoot his arrow and hit his target. But Kairos (or Caerus) was also the Greek god of opportunity. He had wings on his feet and he ran a lot, but if you were paying attention, you could catch him by the long tail of hair hanging behind his bald head."
To grasp Kairos time, we have to release some of our anxiety around Chronos time. "But I think we can learn to keep time in a way that not only makes sure we accomplish our ongoing professional goals and meet our responsibilities, but that also keeps us open to being steered by life in ways we may not have anticipated, that keeps us discerning enough to read our environment and to adapt accordingly." This helps us to overcome the poverty of time, recovering the quality and meaning of our daily life.
To grasp kairos time we have to release some of our anxiety around chronos time
A Kairos moment can open up anywhere… It can be as minute as recognising that sudden need to take a walk in the fresh air to clear your head, trusting that such a simple act of self-care is not a waste of time, but time you can afford. Meditation, leisurely reading, walks, staring out the window, fishing, gazing at art, dancing, slow cooking, conversations of intentional listening, acting at the moment when your intuition speaks – all these keep you attentive, open and tuned into the present moment. Practising these activities is also related to mindfulness.
… There’s something freeing about dropping our full hands before kairos. We should consider learning to stand in our present circumstances and finding the courage to ask, “What is time for?” And then to take the time to listen and to act. Enuma Okoro, “A Brief History of Time”, Financial Times Weekend, 6-7 February, 2021
Finally, my relatives completed their house move. They took advantage of a few days before Easter to get it done and spent the whole of the Easter break arranging things in their new place. Little by little, without haste…
…………………………….
"We usually conceive of time as something simple, fundamental, flowing evenly, indifferent to everything from the past to the future, measured by clocks. Over time, the events of the universe follow one another in order: past, present, future. The past is fixed, the future is open … Well, all this [from current physics] has turned out to be false." Carlo Rovelli, physicist
"Explain time? Not without existence. Explain existence? Not without time. To uncover the deep and hidden connection between time and existence […] is a task for the future." John Wheeler, physicist, 1911-2008
....................
What kairos moments have you experienced lately? What have they revealed to you about how you relate "time and existence"?
How can you broaden or intensify these kairos moments, while still honouring your responsibilities?